The visualization shows the amount of turbulent magnetic energy in a protoplanetary disk. Turbulence controls much of the physics of planet formation in such disks, leading to gas accretion onto the star, and regulating dust motion, growth, and fragmentation. Here, turbulence is triggered by the magneto-rotational instability (MRI) in a Keplerian rotating disk.

Methods: PLUTO and RADMC3D codes